A DEXA scan, or Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry scan, is a medical imaging test primarily used to measure bone density and assess the risk of osteoporosis and fractures. In addition to evaluating bone health, DEXA scans can also provide valuable insights into body composition, specifically muscle mass, fat mass, and visceral fat.

Bone Density Measurement:

During the procedure, a patient lies on a scanning table as a machine emits two low-energy X-ray beams that pass through the bones. The scan compares the bone density of the patient’s hip and spine against established norms, producing results reported as T-scores and Z-scores.

Body Composition Analysis:

DEXA scans can also analyze body composition by assessing total fat mass, lean muscle mass, and the distribution of fat in the body. This information is critical for understanding overall health:

- Muscle Mass: The scan quantifies the amount of lean muscle tissue throughout the body, which is essential for metabolic health, strength, and mobility. Increased muscle mass can indicate better physical fitness and reduce the risk of chronic diseases.

- Fat Mass: The total body fat is measured, which helps in evaluating an individual's health status. An excess of body fat can lead to various health issues, including obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic disorders.

- Visceral Fat: DEXA scans can also assess visceral fat, which is the fat stored around internal organs. High levels of visceral fat are associated with increased health risks, including diabetes, heart disease, and certain cancers. Understanding visceral fat levels helps in developing targeted health and lifestyle interventions.

The entire DEXA scan process is non-invasive, involves minimal radiation exposure, and typically takes about 10-20 minutes. It is essential for diagnosing osteoporosis, guiding treatment decisions, and monitoring changes in bone density and body composition over time.